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Stéphane Courtois (born 25 November 1947) is a French historian and university professor, a Director of research at the French National Centre for Scientific Research (CNRS), Professor at the Catholic Institute of Higher Studies (ICES) in La Roche-sur-Yon, and Director of a collection specialized in the history of communist movements and regimes. ==Biography== Stéphane Courtois (born November 25, 1947), the son of a school teacher. He is a French historian, an internationally known expert on communist studies, particularly the history of communism and communist genocides, and author of several books. ''The Black Book of Communism'', a book edited by Courtois, has been translated into numerous languages, sold million of copies and is considered a standard work on communist genocides. Courtois is a research director at the French National Centre for Scientific Research, in the ''Géode'' (group of study and observation of democracy) at Paris West University Nanterre La Défense, as well as a Professor at the Catholic Institute of Higher Studies – ICES. He is editor of the journal ''Communisme'', which he co-founded with Annie Kriegel in 1982, and part of the ''Cercle de l'Oratoire'' think tank. As a student, from 1968 to 1971, Courtois was a Maoist, although he later became an outspoken anti-communist and a strong supporter of democracy, pluralism, human rights, and ''Rechtsstaat''.〔Christophe Bourseiller, ''Les Maoïstes. La folle histoire des gardes rouges français'', Paris, Plon, 1996, p. 277.〕 Courtois argues that communism and national socialism are slightly different totalitarian systems, and that communism is responsible for the murder of around 100 million people in the 20th century. He also argues that the National Socialists adopted their repressive methods from Soviet methods. According to Courtois, "a single-minded focus on the Jewish genocide in an attempt to characterize the Holocaust as a unique atrocity has () prevented the assessment of other episodes of comparable magnitude in the Communist world". 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Stéphane Courtois」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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